Among the questions of fundamental importance in theoretical Sufism is analysis of the realm of all other than God, after oneness of being (wahdat al-wujood). Enumerating necessary preliminaries of the discussion, this paper investigates into tajalli (theophany) as a scheme, which is put in charge of explaining and analyzing Multiplicities. What, for the author, can be of special importance is the validity of what is ascribed to mystics, especially to those following Muhyi al-Din Ibn al-'Arabi. Meanwhile in the writings of some researchers, there are some wrong conceptions, which are decisively ascribed to Shaykh Akbar; if we are to prevent research harms, we should avoid such erroneous ascriptions and undertake to represent opinions precisely. So the author sets forth Shaykh Akbar's and his expositor's words in a narrator-like way and then analyze them.

Man is the ultimate end in creation although ranked as the last. In Mowlana’s view, although fruit is produced from a tree, yet the ultimate purpose of the tree is its fruit.However, entangled in the nitty gritty of the material world he has remained ignorant of his spiritual truth. The purpose of creation is the manifestation of God’s attributes, and actions hence man is the embodiment of such manifestation. The seeker of God must die to self before he can shine with the divine light. After putting out the fires of ego, the divine light of the soul shines through, when burnished of all its rust, the mirror of the soul perfectly reflects the attributes of God. By bringing such stories as Merchant and the parrot, Mowlana illustrates that the ultimate end of the Mystic path is this conscious death. This annihilation in the Beloved’s being facilitates the union.In this station, if the mystic wishes to give voice to his most intimate experience, his saying would come out as the ‘shath’, the ecstatic utterance and only a true mystic could perceive that state. In this stage, the traveler reaches an ecstatic state completely intoxicated and bewildered faced with the glory of God. Although in Mowlana’s view the melody which is inside the Perfect man, is the reflection of the eternal melody and Hallaj’s words were in fact the resonance of his own chords of existence which experienced selflessness, he was not, but the truth was. Mowlana believed that what the mystic attains in this ascent is total absorption in God and must not be confused with the incarnation of a spirit in a body because in this stage, the mystic merges in God, the part partakes the whole and not becoming whole.

Some scholars believe that mystical monism, by denying human distinctions, leaves no room for the formation of the concepts of "self" and "other" and the "I-you" relationship, which is essential for moral thinking. Therefore, the subject of this article is how to develop the concepts of "self" and "The Other" based on the ontology of Ibn Arabi's unity of existence and tried to show by the analytical method based on the mystical principles of "unity in plurality", "Names manifestation", "multiplicity of directions" and the principle of "No repetition in theophany" that in Ibn Arabi's theory of unity of existence, human distinctions are not eliminated and we can speak of a relationship based on "I-you" under the concepts of "self" and "other", which thus provides the condition for the possibility of morality. The monistic mystic also sees both the "self" before the "other" and finds the "other" within himself without reducing the other to himself and questioning his originality and otherness. At the same time, it is argued that the belief to the fundamental unity of human beings not only does not make morality impossible, but is one of its essential conditions.

Knowing God and relationship with him is one of the important theological issues in Abraham`s religions. Christianity believes that invisible God reflects in the incarnation of Christ. In the Christians` view, the Jesus Christ is the revelation of God. As a result, incarnation is one of the most important principles of Christianity. The Jews are opposed to incarnation but believe in anthropomorphism. However, belief in incarnation is sometimes considered. Islam neither accepts incarnation nor anthropomorphism of God; although anthropomorphism of angles and Satan are accepted but God may have theophanic manifestation in humans with his characteristics. The present paper describes anthropomorphism, incarnation, and theophany in three religions of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism.

Hurufiyya was a mystical sect that was formed after Mongol invasion in later 14th and early 15th century. Their teachings took root in Ismailism and belief in symbolic interpretation of Scriptures.  Imadaddin Nasimi (14th-century), the most famous and learned poet of the sect, has presented the thoughts of Hurufiyya. He believes that the man is vicegerent of God on Earth and manifestation of Him. Man is the locus of theophany of Divine Names and Quran.In the present article, the thoughts of Imadaddin Nasimi are entertained.

If Persian poetry is divided into two schools of love and wisdom, the last book of the school of love is "The Lyrics of Shams," a book replete with feelings, emotions, excitement, and enthusiasm, a book in which music and lyrics are perfectly joined. Repetition denotes emphasis; emphasis may be used to praise, despise, warn, …. Mowlana's use of repetition is aimed to highlight the foreground of the picture. He uses it as a power to express sublime ideas that language is not able to express. In other words, language is not effective enough; the audience should try to feel like the composer of the poem in order to realize its artistic value.Repetition creates music and also arts such as alliteration, anadiplosis, epanalepsis, chiasm …. An important musical element in Persian poetry is the rhyme, which is a kind of repetition.

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to find out the role of textual paralinguistic features with an emphasis on letter repetition in social media and the possibility of using these features in advertising and social media marketing. Finding the role of letter repetition with a paralinguistic function can help companies select the most repeated letters in words chosen especially for devising brand names and the most effective sentences henceforth regarding the appropriate contexts. Context has been emphasized for showing the gender, age, and feelings of language users from a sociolinguistic aspect and has taken special attention in interactional sociolinguistics in recent years. The role of letter repetition as a paralinguistic element in advertising contexts with a focus on the effect of this factor on the audience in social media discourse has not been studied in the Persian language. For this purpose, in order to find the frequency of the most repeated letters in Persian language social media discourse, Instagram and Telegram were selected for data mining and the five most repeated letters were identified and selected for further study through three research focusing on the following variables: 1. The use of letter repetition as a paralinguistic factor in social media 2. The use of letter repetition in advertising brand names in social media 3. The pronounceability of brand names and sentential advertisements in social media regarding the paralinguistic use of the five most repeated letters in the written discourse of the Persian language social media. The design of the study was mixed and the research was applied and descriptive of a content analysis type. The population was both male and female subjects with an age range of ten to eighty. In doing the research, both qualitative and quantitative data were used and some phases were followed. First, the primary data were gathered in social media by data-mining through web crawling in Python software. The software was applied to mine the most frequent letters in the Persian language used in written social media discourse and the number of their repetitions. The results of this part were used for designing questionnaires in the second phase of the research. The purpose of the first phase was to find the pattern in the use of letters applied by Iranians in social media. For the validation of the data during this phase, a questionnaire was devised and distributed among the students at the universities in Tehran and their families. In this way, the hypothesis regarding the most repeated letters and their use in social media proposed in the first research question was tested. Moreover, the pronounceability quality of the words with repeated letters was also studied and the use of letters in words in case of being beautifully pronounceable at sentential level was verified for use in advertising and brand names. In the second phase, two questionnaires were devised and distributed among 1508 people in order to assess the relationship of the use of the paralinguistic feature of letter repetition with brand names and the design of sentences in advertisements for marketing purposes. Twenty sentences with some words containing repeated letters were designed to test the pronounceability variable in the questionnaires. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaires and to determine the face and content validity, the corrective comments of experts were applied. The results of the first and second phases of research showed that the highly frequent letters of alif [ɑ] (not the glottal stop), v, y, kh [x] and r are advised to be used for devising brand names regarding the pronounceability factor for marketing purposes. The findings of this research can be used for social media marketing, devising brand names, and advertising written sentences. The use of emojis, punctuation marks, esoteric marks, and other textual features is proposed for future research. The cultural perspective of consumers is a factor that cannot be ignored and the use of paralinguistic elements in different societies and cultures can be of special importance in this regard. Due to the importance of neurology in discourse studies, good research topics can be proposed for finding the role of letter repetition and other paralinguistic features in marketing from a neurolinguistic window, too.Keywords: Textual Paralanguage, Letter Repetition, Social Media, Marketing, Brand Names, Crawling.

Linguistic acts enjoy two dimensions. A usual dimension which is deprived of artistic manifestations and an artistic one which takes different forms due to not having any role as a reference. In artistic language, various techniques are exploited. One method involves the repetition of sounds, words, and sentences. The first type appears at the level of lexicon, the second type at the sentence, and the third type at the wider and general level of speech chains. Sound and lexical repetitions are the most common forms though Persian poets made different uses of these techniques and some of these poets occupied a crucial role in bringing about such works. Mowlana has extensively used this technique which has provided a great linguistic music. Furthermore, it becomes accessible to the readers, and is written in a simpler language. This paper aims at examining the diversity of such repetitions in Shams sonnets from solely Persian linguistic perspectives and reveals the emergence of such methods. A technique which is Mowlana’s and is accounted as a particular feature of his poetries.